Today’s cities didn’t just appear out of thin air; the needs of modern people with modern technology couldn’t be met by following the same design principles that informed the development of cities throughout most of human history. This necessitated the creation of a new field called urban planning, and ever since the 19th century this has informed the layout and infrastructure of every major population center across the world. It’s a mixture of art and science, and of psychology and economics. It continues to be an essential part of the modern world, and its importance will only increase during the 21st century.

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